Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic, water-soluble polymer with a wide range of industrial and commercial applications. It is derived from polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) through a hydrolysis process, which replaces acetate groups with hydroxyl groups. When this hydrolysis is incomplete, the result is partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol—a form that retains some of the original acetate groups, offering a unique balance of properties compared to fully hydrolyzed PVA. Partially hydrolyzed PVA typically contains 86–89% hydrolysis, meaning about 11–14% of the original acetate groups remain intact. This structure allows the polymer to maintain excellent water solubility, along with desirable film-forming, emulsifying, and adhesive characteristics. It is usually supplied as a white to off-white powder or granule and is easily dissolved in cold or warm water, making it suitable for a variety of uses.

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